UNDERSTANDING THE STRUCTURE AND OWNERSHIP OF THE CREATIVE MEDIA SECTORS

TV Industry - The television is own as one of the largest mass-media industries in the world, which is worth £7 billion and employs almost 35,000 workers. Moreover, the employees are spread out to full-time, part-time, and fixed staff.Additionally, television is also independent, which means it's free from government influences and corporate interest. Although, as the industry is in cross-media, what is meant by that is the industry show TV shows and images shown globally. Lastly, like any other industry in mass media, television has many ethics - they can be identified from independence, fairness, transparency, and impartiality. The BBC has been a broadcasting company in the United Kingdom that informs, educates and entertains people from the comfort of their homes. However, over the years, the BBC has been publicly owned that invest in an annual license fee, which cost £145.50 for color TV and £49 for black and white. As a result, the public only pays this if they are und the age of 75 or use any form of broadcasting, for example; Radio, TV, or Online. (This is shown briefly in the bar chart below) Also, the license fee is the BBC's source of income and on the image below, it shows how much the BBC receives each month.

When airing TV programs, the BBC/TV have to make sure they will gain audiences and to do this they use Quantitative and Qualitative research. Quantitative being numbers (BARB or BFI) and Qualitative being comments and opinions. Additionally, using these, the industry would see what kind of TV shows people would rather watch before airing (This can link back to the annual fee). So, for example, they would air shows like Coronation Street and Celebrity big brother because they know people like reality and soap drama shows.

Withal, the television industry is also arranged with the 9.p.m Watershed. The Watershed is to show that children shouldn't stay up after 9.pm as there are more violence and sex scenes. Etc Shown on TV at that time, which is necessary that only adult should watch as it is more appropriate for their age range. Although, as the industry is becoming more valuable and developed children are staying up much later and even have TV of their own. Commercials are used on TV to advertise new brands, programs, and radio stations and when creating one it can cost up to £1 billion even for 30-second advertisements. On the other hand, when companies go into business with TV for advertisements the industry receives a percentage of money, which can help create new programs for other TV stations like; ITV, ITV2, ITV3, and ITV4. 

Film Industry - The Walt Disney Production or commonly known as Disney is a worldwide animation company, best known for animations such as; Snow White and the seven dwarfs and Mickie Mouse. Furthermore, Disney is worth $179.5 billion U.S dollars and employs 37,000 workers. Whereas Disney is also a conglomerate, which means it owns many companies and they are Lucas Film, Marvel, and Pixar. When animated companies produce a movie, for example, Disney, they produce films from many productions stages that range from the development, pre-production, production, post-production, distribution, and Exhibition stages. Horizontal integration means that more than one company works together to create motion pictures, and filming is a perfect standard of this. The Dark Knight is an example of horizontal integration because before it joined forces with other production companies like; DC Entertainment, Legendary Pictures, and Syncopy Inc - it was formally owned and written by the Warner Brothers.

                                                       

However, the film industry is controlled by 6 Hollywood conglomerate companies, which range from Disney, Warner Bros, Paramount, Fox, Universal, and Columbia and these companies also use the same development structure stage; like shown above. Development stages deal with the initial idea, script format, and financing of a production. Pre-Production is the documentations stage of production, which vary from the Risk Assessment to Call Sheets.  Also, there is no need to complete them in order. Additionally, the Production stage is the most practical in which the movie is getting shot. However, when filming the director reviews each takes to see if there are any mistakes. This process can be very time-consuming and can take up to days before the director can be satisfied with the job. Post-Production- is the editing stage, which is where the editor fits each scene together and applies video effects, and music. Etc. Distribution- Distribution is the second from last stage, which the distributor send copies of the movie to cinemas around the world, and finally - Exhibition, which is where the production companies film is shown globally in cinema.

Radio Industry - Owned by the BBC, the radio is a broadcasting industry, which job is to inform, educate, and entertain people. As you might know, the industry also has many stations that vary from the different genres like; music, new, sport, and documentaries. However, the industry is own by the public and run by the annual fee, which is also in business with TV. The TV license cost is £145.50. Additionally, the industry has also been structured by Marketing/Sales, Accounts/Fiance, and administration.Marketing and Sales stand responsible for direct revenue, which sells airtime to advertising companies and makes sure that targets are getting met from an entire department of supervisors. Accounts/Fiancing - this process makes sure the different radio stations are making financial profits and where payment and salaries are getting paid. Finally, Administration - this stage of production is responsible for housekeeping, handling, management, and handling security measures. Etc, Commercializing in Radio, one the other hand, is also a big arrangement stage. When commercials are heard on the radio they only last about 12 minutes every hour and can be known as very factual. Moreover, the industry is in cross-media, which means the radio stations used are global and that the distributors send the music to other stations depending on the genres, For example, Heart and Capital FM are both stations that share the same music genre - Pop. Etc.

Publishing Industry -

There are several kinds of publishing companies, which range from, book publishing, the internet publishing and many more. An example I am going to use Empire - an international publishing company.As a film magazine created in Australia, Empire is known as the bible for film lovers. As a result, this magazine has been running since 2001, which encounters many things and these range from, for example; films, DVDs, Blu-rays, and games. Ext. The owners of Empire also own other media companies and some can also be associated with publishing, such as; Heart. The employment rate in publishing was estimated 231,000 workers in the UK alone and was worth 10.2bn in 2014, which has incread from 9.26bn in 2008.

During the years, Bauer has been given many awards for the single companies it owns, for example; Station Imaging Award - Arqiva Award (KISS), Best use of social media - PPA Awards (HEAT), and Social Action Initiative - Arqiva Award (Metro Radio). Etc. Also, Bauer was a media group company in 2008, which specialised in radio, TV, Online, and digital businesses. Furthermore, there is many people in the company with some major roles - these are CEO - Paul Keenan, Group Marketing Director - Anne-marie Lavan, Group MD, Digital - Sam Jones, and HR director - Sarah Barns. Ect. Throughout the years of Bauer, it has developed incrediably and what is meant by this is that in 1996 Bauer aquired digital music TV channels, such as Channel 4. Lastly, the ethics and Morals in the publishing industry are what makes it safe and confidential for the viewers and these can vary in many way - one already stated previously, such as; Disclosure and conflicts of interest, Standards of objectivity, and Aurthorship of a paper. Etc.

Animation Industry - For years, animation has been one of the world's largest media industries, which employs over 9,000 workers and spread across job roles - these job roles can be computer design, software publishing, public relations, and related services. The animation industry is a perfect example of cross-media as well as the film industry. Another example of cross-media for animation can be Toy Stories song - You have a friend in me as it known globally.Pixar is a computer-based company that is publicity known for films, such as Bugs life, Monsters inc, and Finding Nemo. Additionally, the company is owned by The Walt Disney Production Company, Lucas Film, and Independent and amongst the years, the company has received fifteen Academy Awards, seven Golden Globe Awards, and eleven Grammy Awards and many more. 

During the years of Pixar, the company hasn't had any subsidiaries because of it been owned by Disney and because of that reason it hasn't stopped them creating top movies like; Finding Nemo, Cars, and up. Etc, etc. However, there are several kinds of animation and vary from; Computer-based, Time-Lapse, Cut-Out, and Pixilation. Etc. When producing an animation it can typically time-consuming. For example the stages of production and shooting. The stages of production are normally the developing stage to Exhibition. From this, you might have noticed it is fairly similar to the film industry. However, what is meant by time-consuming is when animation, animators will have to move everything on set and capture each movement individually. Afterward, actors would be used for the characters and to use these characters they record their voices in tune with lip movement of the animations.

Advertising & Marketing - As you might already know, advertising is the process of showing item, and products on mass media broadcastings like; Television and during radio breaks. Also, there are many advertising companies not only in the U.S but also in the UK too - some of these companies are; RDW Creative and House of Type. During the years, there have been many ways for advertising items, for example; bus-stop posters, interactive media, and TV advertisements.  However, when making advertisements companies use slogans such as A great way to save money to draw in audiences. Advertising company merchandise can also promote them too. 

Over the years, advertising has been structured in four main parts, which are Marketing services, Media agencies, Advertising agencies, and Holding companies. Advertising agencies - In advertising, there are many traditional network agencies such as; BBDO, McCann Erickson, Leo Burnett, Saatchi, and these are operated globally, which comprise from branded officers in 100+ countries. Additionally, what they do is come up with ideas for marketing campaign before coming up with series of advertising ideas, which direct the idea to different mass-media industries, for example; television, radio, print, and outdoor posters. Ext. Media agencies - Media agencies decide where advertisements should be placed on TV, digital channels, and newspapers - to achieve the best target audiences. However, media agencies aren't full-service businesses but in fact, separate media departments. Furthermore, this stage of advertising can be very pressuring but can manage the best possible ratings.Marketing services - This stage of advertising communicates with its target audience typically through phone calls and direct mailing. Additionally, this can be also known as one-to-one relationships. Marketing services include many stages, which vary from below-the-line-marketing and as a result of this they include direct marketing, interactive marketing, and healthcare marketing. Ext. Holding companies -There are many international groups within holding companies, and they range from WPP, Omnicom, Publicis Groupe, Interpublic, and Dentsu. Also, they all control massive numbers of agencies. Furthermore, not working with itself in day-to-day marketing, Holding companies only work with their subsidiaries, which help encourage intra-groups synergy and developing strategy

Interactive Media - For many years, Interactive media has become globally known for companies like Facebook. As a result of this, the industry is worth £8,500,00 in the EU and £11,500,00 oversea. Founded since 2004, Facebook has become one of the world's largest interactive companies in the world.  During the production stage of Facebook,  founder Mark Zuckerberg wanted the business to help people communicate with their friends - making it a social networking site. Additionally, from this, he is also in charge of many things, such as; direction, product strategy, design, and developing core technologies and infrastructure. All around the world, the Facebook company has the many US offices and International offices. Examples of these are located in; US Offices - Atlanta, Austin, Boston, Chicago, and   Los Angeles. Ext. International offices - Amsterdam, Auckland, Berlin, Brasilia, and Dubai. Furthermore, the company is also known to employ around 11,996 workers from September 30, 2015. As an international company, Facebook is worth around $42.8 billion and each day receive more than 1billion views each day. Also, Facebook has many subsidiaries, which are also some of the largest Interactive companies, such as; Instagram, Twitter, and Snapchat. To engage in more audiences, Facebook, and many other interactive medias use the internet and App stores. Therefore, people can download and access them on technology, for example; Phones and Tablets. In many interactive medias, advertising can be associated with them. For example; back to my original ideas - they use advertisement's all the time. In the screenshot below, it shows an advertisement on FaceBook. From this, companies will use social networking sites because they know thousands of people use it on a day-to-day basis, which can draw people in to buy their merchandise.

Ownership in Facebook is not only by one person but, in fact, many and Some of these owners are Mark Zuckerberg himself, Dustin Moskovitz, Eduardo Saverin, and Sean Parker. Etc. As the founder of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg owns 28.2% and his job roles are to defend the site in intellectual property disputes and spurn buyout offers, for example, Viacom, Yahoo! and other suitors. Dustin Moskovitz - As a U.S billionaire, Dustin Moskovitz owns 7.6% of the Facebook company. As a result, what Dustin does is build project management software to help companies collaborate. Ext.

Gaming Industry -  For many years, EA has been an international mass-media company, which develops, markets, publishes, and distributes video games.  As a result, EA also employs around 10,600 workers throughout England - these are spread in many job roles, for example; engineers, hydrologist, and senior managers. Moreover, there are multiple video game genres in the industry, which range from Action, and Sci-fi. Ext. Furthermore, EA is one of the largest gaming companies in the world because of the games it has made over the years - these games can vary from The FIFA sequels and Sims. More, there have also been many gaming consoles, which are some of the world's best consoles, for example, XBOX 360, Play Station 3, and Nintendo Wii. Also, when creating a video game, there are many stages they go through until the finishing stages. An example of these can link back to other media industries like Animation, which is cell-based. What is meant by this is that they use animated characters in games and conduct in acting recordings for the characters, and creative SFX (Sound effects) too.

Currently, EA has owned many gaming studios and still do for the many years it's been active and these several studios range from; EX Tiburon, EA Canada, Bioware, and DICE. However, since games where created they used age restriction to keep children under the age of 17, for example; from playing games like Saints Row because of the inappropriate language and contact. used. These can be good if you link them to ethics and morals - as they normally are to keep children safe from games like this, as they could influence them in bad ways. What is meant by this, is if they were playing on 18+ games they would find it okay to violently attack people. 

There are many ethics and morals associated with this industry and they are standard in - Principles, workplaces, and Leadership. Examples of these are; Principles - Present ourselves and our skills accurately - Respect intellectual property rights - Seek fair rights to ownership of content that we create - Honor signed legal agreements in spirit and in letter Workplace - Workplace safety - Physical, mental, and comfort safety - Decimation to the tolerance of discrimination of any, for example; Gender, age, sexuality, and disabilities. Ext. - Fair treatment for developers at all levels - Full and Part time, and temporary employees. Ext. Leadership - Ensure that employment agreements are fair and legal. - Provide for the health of our employees to the best of our abilities. - Promote the growth of the industry by supporting the knowledge and ideas.

Photo Imaging - 

Although the Photoimaging industry is about taking images of many kinds, you don't necessarily only see them in books. What is meant by this is, you can also see photography on TV and in Films. Ect. Throughout, the photo imaging industry the companies are independent and working on sole trading or freelance contracts, which results in over14,000 companies. Employment in the industry is estimated at 44,000 workers.Also, through the past few year's the photo imaging industries growth is 2bm.

As the photography businesses are independent it is said that the production stage wouldnt be as complicated and time comsuming than other media industries like; Film and TV for example. These production stages will start from planning to peosuction to editing and distribution/Exhibition.

References -  

Facebook. (2016). Our History. Available: http://newsroom.fb.com/company-info/. Last accessed 22/01/16
Jaypee Capville. (10 December 2014). Facebook's Organizational Structure. Available: https://prezi.com/srtiloqcw2i1/facebooks-organizational-structure/. Last accessed 22/01/16
n/a. (20/12/15). Structure of the Advertising Industry. Available: http://www.adbrands.net/advertising_industry_structure.htm.